Women in Electoral Politics: Contrasting Narratives in Two divided Kashmirs
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Adela Shafiq
The focus of democratic electoral politics has shifted once more with the ongoing, and by some considered fraudulent, elections in Pakistan. The inclusion and advancement of a country are significantly influenced by the participation of women in electoral politics within the democratic framework of South Asia. This essay explores the differing environments of Pakistan (PoJK) and the Indian Union territory of J&K (Kashmir in particular), illuminating the representation and empowerment of women in electoral processes.
Importance of Women in Electoral Politics:
Since women make up a sizable fraction of the population in Kashmir ruled by both Pakistan and India, their involvement is essential to representative administration. Women's participation in politics preserves democratic ideals and guarantees that different viewpoints are taken into account when formulating legislation.
Representation as Voters and Representatives:
Based on demographic analysis, it is clear that there is a significant gender disparity in Kashmir governed by Pakistan, with 10 million more men than women registered to vote.
Concerns regarding equitable representation are raised by this striking contrast to the region's 49 percent female population. However, in Kashmir, which is administered by India, attempts have been made to close this gap, and encouraging developments have been seen recently.
Reserved Women Seats:
Although allocated seats for women in various roles have been adopted in both regions, the efficacy of these policies varies. There are still issues in Pakistan-administered Kashmir; there have been instances of women being denied the right to vote because of political and social pressures. On the other hand, women's political empowerment has advanced in Indian-administered Kashmir, especially in local government.
Violence Against Women:
A distressing aspect in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, particularly in areas like PoJK,
is the prevalence of violence against women. From discouraging women to vote to
physical prevention, women face significant hurdles.Responses to a study survey conducted in the Kashmir Valley, however, revealed a range of opinions. Some see women getting involved in grassroots politics to bring about revolutionary change. Some others showed conditional interest, highlighting the necessity of the appropriate opportunity and mindset. There was agreement even among those who chose not to actively participate in politics regarding the significance of having strong female leaders.
Contrasting Trends in Indian Kashmir:
Post the abrogation of Article 370 in Indian-administered Kashmir, a transformative
shift has been witnessed. At the grassroots level, especially in panchayats, blocks, and
districts, women have actively participated in electoral processes. Quoting government
data, the rise in the number of women voters and representatives is remarkable,
reflecting positive changes.
Empowerment of Women in Indian Kashmir:
The stories of women who have actively participated in political processes provide witness to the fact that women's empowerment in Indian-administered Kashmir goes beyond simple statistics. It is clear from quoting success examples that women are defying conventions by not only voting but also taking on leadership responsibilities.Data highlights
women's participation in the J&K District Development Council (DDC) elections post
the Article 370 abrogation. Notably, women exhibited a robust participation rate of
46.58%, almost on par with the male turnout of 50.98% (Chief Electoral Office, UT of
Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh, 2020).
Examining historical data hosted on the CEO website, women's representation in the
J&K State Legislative Assembly pre-abrogation stood at a meagre 3%, falling below
the national average. While national efforts for increased representation have faced
hurdles, a positive shift occurred in J&K post-370 abrogation. The J&K District
Development Council (Representation of Office of Chairpersons Rules), 2021,
mandates a groundbreaking 33% reservation for women in DDC chairperson seats, a
constitutional stride enabled by the full extension of the Indian Constitution in the union
territory of J&K.
Positive Changes Post Article 370 Abrogation:
The abrogation of Article 370 has opened avenues for women's participation in
governance at the grassroots level. Data from panchayat elections showcases a surge in
the number of women candidates and elected representatives. Government initiatives
promoting women's education and awareness have contributed to this positive
trajectory.
In the realm of electoral politics, Indian-administered Kashmir emerges as a more conducive environment for women's active participation and empowerment. The contrasting narratives between the two Kashmir's highlight the need for comprehensive measures to address gender disparities, ensuring that women contribute meaningfully to the democratic processes that shape their lives.